The Fine Print of 'Act of God' Exception in Section 84 IPC

Interning with a civil law firm last summer, I got a glimpse of how IPC is actually applied in real life. While studying Section 84, we all know it talks about the 'act of God' exception for insane persons. But our textbooks never told us about the crucial factor of 'burden of proof' in this context. During the internship, I saw how the prosecution team struggled to disprove the defense's claim of 'act of God' in a hit-and-run case where the driver was allegedly insane at the time of the crime. The key takeaway was that the prosecution has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was not insane, which made me realize the nuances of IPC that are often glossed over in our text books.