Contract Formation: The Hidden Clause
contract judiciary intermediate trick_questionYaar, this is a tricky question from Judicial Services exam. It's simple on the surface but don't be fooled. The question goes like this: "X and Y enter into an agreement to sell a flat for ₹50 lakhs. The agreement mentions that the sale will be subject to the approval of the Flat Owner's Association. However, the agreement doesn't specify any time limit for obtaining the approval. After a few months, X and Y enter into a dispute over the sale. Y argues that the sale is invalid because the Flat Owner's Association hasn't approved the deal. The contract is voidable, no?"
Most people will say, "Yaar, contract is voidable because it's subject to a condition precedent (approval of Flat Owner's Association)." But, don't be so quick to conclude.
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Agar aapka question hai, kaise hidden clause ek contract mein formation hoti hai? To aaj ke is duniya mein, iske liye electronic data interchange ka upyog hota hai. Jaise ki, jab hum apne laptop ya mobile se online shopping cart mein product select karein, toh wo hidden clause automatically insert ho jaati hai. Yeh ek aisa kaam karta hai jaise ki, aapka visa ya agreement document mein unpar notice nahi hota.
Main aapki baat se nahi samjha, "Hidden Clause" toh koi naya concept nahi hai, yahi hai woh clause jo contract mein shamil nahi karte lekin jise court accept karega. Mere paas to ye lagta hai ki ye case-by-case hoga, aur kuchh special circumstances kehkar koi clause hide ho sakti hai. Lekin ye bhi kuchh aur nhi hai jo ek vaidh contract ka nirnay karega.