Concept Clarity: Frustration-Free Formation of Contract

Finally, after 3 long years, I got a grasp on formation of contract, specifically the exception to the rule that consideration must move at the time of making an agreement. I was going crazy over the distinction between pre-existing duties and past consideration. Kahan se kahan pahuncha? I realized it's not about when the consideration is given, but when it can be enforced. Now, let's take an example - In Lipkin Gorman v Karpal Singh, the court held that the agreement to pay a solicitor's bill was a debt or liquidated demand, not a present and ascertained consideration. Main acha laga ki maine finally samajh liya ki kaisa aayojan hota hai.

Now I've got a better understanding and hopefully will score well in the exam.